Odayi be-asidi bendabuko babhekisela odayi abancibilika emanzini abaqukethe amaqembu ane-asidi esakhiweni sikadayi, abavame ukudaywa ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-asidi.
Uhlolojikelele lwe-Acid Dyes
1.Umlando wodayi be-asidi
Ngo-1868, kwavela odayi bokuqala be-asidi, njengodayi be-triaromatic methane acid, ababenamandla.ukudayaikhono kodwa ukushesha okubi.
Ngo-1877, lapho kwahlanganiswa udayi wokuqala we-asidi wokudaya uvolo, njengobomvu A. Kwanqunywa ukwakheka kwawo okuyisisekelo.
Ngemuva kuka-1890, kuye kwasungulwa udayi we-asidi onokwakheka kwe-anthraquinone.Futhi ine-chromatography eyengeziwe futhi ephelele.
Kuze kube manje, cishe kunezinhlobo ezingamakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zamadayi e-asidi, asetshenziswa kabanzi ekudayeni uboya, usilika nenayiloni, njll.
2.Izici zamadayi e-asidi
Iqembu le-asidi kumadayi we-asidi ngokuvamile lisekelwe eqenjini le-sulfonic acid (-SO3H) futhi likhona ngesimo sikasawoti we-sodium sulfonic acid (-SO3NA) ku-molecule kadayi.Futhi okunye kususelwa ku-sodium carboxylate (-COONA).
Odayi be-Acid banokuncibilika kahle kwamanzi, umthunzi wombala ogqamile, i-chromatography ephelele kanye nesakhiwo samangqamuzana esilula kunabanye odayi.Futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesistimu ehlangene ye-conjugate ende kuma-molecule odayi, ukuqondisa odayi be-asidi kuphansi.
3.Indlela yokusabela yamadayi e-asidi
Uboya - NH3+ + -O3S — Udayi → Uvolo — NH3+·-O3S - Udayi
Usilika - NH3+ + -O3S — Udayi → Usilika — NH3+·-O3S - Udayi
Inayiloni - NH3+ + -O3S — Udayi → Inayiloni — NH3+·-O3S - Udayi
Izigaba ze-Acid Dyes
1.Ukuhlukaniswa ngesakhiwo samangqamuzana omzali wedayi
■ Odayi be-Azo (I-akhawunti engu-60%. I-spectrum ebanzi)
■ Odayi be-anthraquinone (I-akhawunti engu-20%. Ikakhulukazi uchungechunge oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza)
■ Odayi be-methane be-Triaromatic (I-akhawunti engu-10%. Uchungechunge olunsomi noluluhlaza)
■ Odayi be-Heterocyclic (I-akhawunti engu-10%. Uchungechunge olubomvu nokunsomi.)
2.Ukuhlukaniswa nge-pH yamadayi
■ Odayi be-asidi kubhavu ye-asidi eqinile: Inani le-pH yokudaya lingu-2.5~4.Ukushesha kokukhanya kuhle, kodwa ukushesha kokuphatha okumanzi kubi.Umthunzi wombala ugqamile futhi impahla yokulinganisa ilungile.
■ Odayi be-Acid kubhavu ye-asidi ebuthakathaka: Inani le-pH yokudaya lingu-4~5.Izinga leqembu le-sulfonic acid esakhiweni samangqamuzana odayi liphansi.Ngakho ukuncibilika kwamanzi kubi kancane.Ukushesha kokusingatha okumanzi kungcono kunodayi be-asidi ekugezeni okuqinile kwe-asidi, kodwaukulinganisaimpahla iba mpofu kancane.
■ Odayi be-Acid kubhavu ye-asidi engathathi hlangothi: Inani le-pH yokudaya ngu-6~7.Izinga leqembu le-sulfonic acid esakhiweni samangqamuzana odayi liphansi.Ukuncibilika kodayi kuphansi futhi impahla yokukala ayilungile.Umthunzi wombala awukhanyi ngokwanele, kodwa ukushesha kokuphatha okumanzi kuphezulu.
Ukushesha Kombala Okuvamile Kwe-Acid Dyes
1.Ukushesha okulula
Ukumelana nombala wendwangu ekukhanyeni okwenziwa.Ngokuvamile ihlolwa ngokwe-ISO105 B02.
2.Ukushesha kombalaukuwasha
Ukumelana nombala wendwangu ekugezeni ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene, njenge-ISO105 C01\C03\E01, njll.
3.Ukushesha kombala ukuhlikihla
Ukumelana nombala wendwangu esenzweni sokuhlikihla.Ingahlukaniswa ibe ukushesha ukuhlikihla okomile kanye nokushesha ukuhlikihla okumanzi.
4.Ukushesha kombala emanzini e-chlorine
Kubizwa nangokuthi i-colorfastness emanzini echibi le-chlorine.Ngokuvamile kuwukulingisa ukugcwala kwe-chlorine echibini lokubhukuda ukuze kuhlolwe ukumelana kwendwangu nokuguquguquka kwe-chlorine.Isibonelo, indlela yokuhlola i-ISO105 E03 (Okuqukethwe kwe-chlorine okusebenzayo ngu-50ppm.) ifanele izingubo zokubhukuda zenayiloni.
5.Ukushesha kombala ukuya ekujulukeni
Ukumelana nombala wendwangu kumjuluko womuntu.Ngokusho kwe-asidi kanye ne-alkali yomjuluko, ingahlukaniswa ibe ukushesha kombala ukuya ekujulukeni kwe-asidi kanye nokushesha kombala ukujuluka kwe-alkali.Izindwangu ezidaywe ngodayi we-asidi ngokuvamile zihlolelwa ukushesha kombala kumjuluko we-alkali.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-16-2022