Ngowe-11941 umgubo wokucoca

Iimpawu kunye neeNzuzo

1. Ayinayo i-APEO okanye i-phosphorus, njl.
2. Umphumo ogqwesileyo wokutsalwa, ukuxutywa, ukuhlamba kunye nokusabalalisa ukungcola okunamafutha kunye nokungcola.
3. Inika amalaphu isiphumo esihle kakhulu se-capillary, ubumhlophe obuphezulu, umthunzi wombala oqaqambileyo kunye namandla anamandla.
4. Ilungele ukukhuhla, ukuxutywa kunye nokwenza mhlophe inkqubo enye yokuhlamba.Ilula kakhulu inkqubo yemveli.Ukunciphisa i-deoxygenization, i-neutralization kunye nenkqubo yokuhlamba amanzi.Igcina amandla kwaye inciphisa ungcoliseko.

Iinkcazelo ngeempawu

Iphakheji

Igubu lekhadibhodi ye-50kg kunye nephakheji elungiselelweyo ekhoyo ukuze ukhethe

IINGCEBISO:

Ukucoca umqhaphu kunye nezinye i-cellulosic fibers

I-scouring yeyona nkqubo ibalulekileyo emanzi esetyenziswa kwimathiriyeli yelaphu phambi kokudaya okanye ukuprinta.Ikakhulu yinkqubo yokucoca apho izinto zangaphandle okanye ukungcola kususwa.Inkqubo yokucoca, ngelixa ihlambulula i-α-cellulose, inika umlingiswa we-hydrophilic kunye nokunyanzeliswa okuyimfuneko kwiinkqubo ezilandelayo (i-bleaching, i-mercerizing, idayi okanye ukuprinta).Ukucoca okulungileyo sisiseko sokugqiba ngempumelelo.Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokukhuhla kugwetywa ngokuphuculwa kokumanzi kwezinto ezikhutshiweyo.

Ngokukodwa, ukucoca kuqhutyelwa ukuze kususwe ioli engafunekiyo, amafutha, i-wax, ukungcola okunyibilikayo kunye naluphi na ukungcola okuqinileyo okanye okuqinileyo okunamathela kwiifayili, ezinokuthi zithintele ukudaya, ukuprinta kunye nokugqiba iinkqubo.Inkqubo ibandakanya unyango ngesepha okanye isepha kunye okanye ngaphandle kokongezwa kwealkali.Kuxhomekeka kudidi lwefayibha, ialkali inokuba buthathaka (umz. isoda ash) okanye yomelele (caustic soda).

Xa kusetyenziswa isepha, unikezelo olufanelekileyo lwamanzi athambileyo luyimfuneko.Iyoni yentsimbi (Fe³⁺kunye neCa²⁺) ekhoyo kumanzi aqinileyo kunye nepectin yomqhaphu inokwenza isepha enganyibilikiyo.Ingxaki ibukhali ngakumbi xa ukucoca kuqhutyelwa kwinkqubo eqhubekayo ebandakanya i-padding bath apho umlinganiselo wotywala ungaphantsi kakhulu kunenkqubo yebhetshi;i-agent ye-chelating okanye i-sequering agent, umz., i-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), i-Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), njl., ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukwakheka kwe-scum kunye nefilimu.I-detergent ephezulu ye-synthetic inika ulungelelwano olufanelekileyo kunye nokumanzisa, ukucoca, i-emulsifying, i-dispersing kunye ne-foaming properties, ngaloo ndlela inika amandla okucoca okulungileyo.Izicoci ze-anionic, ezingezizo i-ionic okanye imixube yazo, imixube yesicoci esincedisa ukunyibilikisa kunye neesepha zisetyenziswa kakhulu xa kukhulwa.Ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokucoca, ii-agent zokumanzisa ngokubambisana nezinyibilikisi eziphezulu zokubilisa (i-cyclohexanol, i-methylcyclohexanol, njl.) ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziswa, kodwa inkqubo ayinakuba yi-eco-friendly.Umsebenzi wezinyibilikisi kukunyibilikisa amafutha anganyibilikiyo kunye newax.

Abakhi bongezwa kwibhafu yokubilisa i-kier ukunyusa umsebenzi wesepha okanye i-detergents.Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ziityuwa ezifana neborates, silicates, phosphates, sodium chloride okanye sodium sulphate.Imetasilicate yesodium (Na₂SiO₃, 5H₂O) inokuphinda isebenze njengesicoci kunye nesithinteli.Umsebenzi wesithinteli kukuqhuba isepha ukusuka kwinqanaba lamanzi ukuya kwilaphu/ujongano lwamanzi kwaye ngenxa yoko ukonyusa ukuxinana kwesepha elaphuni.

Ngexesha lokubiliswa komqhaphu nge-caustic soda, umoya ovalelweyo unokubangela i-oxidation ye-cellulose.Oku kunokuthintelwa ngokongezwa kwe-agent yokunciphisa ethambileyo efana ne-sodium bisulphite okanye i-hydrosulphite kutywala obukhuhlayo.

Iinkqubo zokukhuhla kwizinto ezilukiweyo ezahlukeneyo zohluka kakhulu.Phakathi kwemicu yendalo, ikotoni eluhlaza ifumaneka ngeyona ndlela icocekileyo.Isixa esipheleleyo sokungcola okuya kususwa singaphantsi kwe-10% yobunzima obupheleleyo.Nangona kunjalo, ukubilisa ixesha elide kuyimfuneko njengoko umqhaphu unee-wax ezinobunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli, ekunzima ukuyisusa.Iiprotheyini zikwalala kumbindi wefiber (lumen) engenakufikeleleka ngokwentelekiso kwikhemikhali esetyenziselwa ukukhuhla.Ngethamsanqa i-cellulose ayichaphazeli unyango olude kunye nesisombululo se-caustic ukuya kwi-concentration ye-2% ngokungabikho komoya.Ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukuguqula konke ukungcola ngexesha lokuhlanjululwa, ngaphandle kwemicimbi yendalo yombala, kwifom e-soluble, enokuthi ihlanjwe ngamanzi.

Ukucoca iintsinga ze-cellulosic ngaphandle komqhaphu kulula kakhulu.Imicu ye-bast efana nejute kunye ne-ax ye-fl ayinakugutyungelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yamathuba okususwa kwezinto ezininzi ezingenazo iifayibha ngomonakalo wemathiriyeli.Ezi zidla ngokugutyulwa kusetyenziswa isepha okanye isepha kunye nothuthu lwesoda.IJute isetyenziswa rhoqo ngaphandle kokuhlanjululwa ngakumbi, kodwa i-ax ye-fl kunye ne-ramie zihlala zikhuhla kwaye zihlala zifakwe i-bleach.IJute yokudaya ihlanjululwe kwangaphambili kodwa izixa ezikhulu ze-lignin zisele, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungakhawulezini kokukhanya.

Ekubeni ukungcola kwendalo okufana ne-cotton wax, izinto ze-pectic kunye neprotheni zidibene ngokukodwa ngaphakathi kwodonga oluphambili, inkqubo yokucoca ijolise ekususeni olu donga.