Pakali pano, ambiri mchitidwe wa chitukuko nsalu ndi bwino processing, processing zina, apamwamba kalasi, zosiyanasiyana, wamakono, zokongoletsera ndi functionalization, etc. Ndipo njira kuonjezera mtengo zina amatengedwa kusintha chuma phindu.
Kupaka utoto ndi kumalizidwa kumatha kupititsa patsogolo phindu komanso kuvala komanso kufunika kwachuma kwa nsalu.Ndilofunika kwambiri pochiza nsalu, zomwe zimaphatikizapo pretreatment, dyeing and finishing, etc.
Kuchiza
Nsalu zopanda utoto ndi zomaliza zimatchulidwa pamodzi kuti nsalu yaiwisi kapena imvi.Pakati, zochepa zokha zimaperekedwa kumsika, ndipo zambiri zimafunikirabe kusinthidwa kukhala nsalu zowukitsidwa, nsalu zamitundu kapena nsalu zowoneka bwino mufakitale yosindikizira ndi utoto kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito.Nthawi zambiri, nsalu za imvi zimakhala ndi zonyansa zambiri, monga zinthu zofananira za ulusi wa thonje, zonyansa, zopangira ma size mu kuluka ulusi,Chemical CHIKWANGWANIkupota mafuta ndi kudetsa greasy dothi, etc. Ngati zonyansa izi ndi dothi si kuchotsedwa, iwo osati kukhudza mtundu mthunzi ndi dzanja kumverera kwa nsalu, komanso zimakhudza chinyezi mayamwidwe ntchito, kumabweretsa kufa mosiyanasiyana osati wanzeru mtundu. mthunzi.Komanso zidzakhudza kufulumira kwa utoto.
Cholinga cha pretreatment ndi kuchotsa zonyansa zamtundu uliwonse pansaluyo pansi pa chikhalidwe chakuti nsalu ya imvi imawonongeka pang'ono, ndikupanga nsalu ya imvi kukhala yoyera ndi yofewa yotsirizidwa yotsirizidwa mu wettability wabwino wa utoto ndi kusindikiza.Pretreatment ndi njira yokonzekera utoto ndi kusindikiza.Amatchedwanso scouring ndi bleaching.Kwa nsalu za thonje ndi thonje zosakanikirana, njira yopangira mankhwala imaphatikizapo kukonzekera, kuimba, desizing, scouring, bleaching ndi mercerizing, etc.Ndipo momwe zinthu zimapangidwira m'mafakitale zimasiyana malinga ndi dera.Choncho, masitepe opangira zinthu komanso zamakono za nsalu zimakhala zosiyana.
Kudaya
Kupaka utoto ndi ntchito yopangira utoto wa fiber.Ndi physicochemical kapena mankhwala kuphatikiza utoto ndi ulusi.Kapena ndi njira yoti utoto umapangidwa ndi mankhwala pa ulusi, kupangitsa nsalu yonse kukhala chinthu chamitundu.
Malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zodaya, njira zopangira utoto zitha kugawidwa kukhala utoto wa nsalu, utoto wa ulusi ndi utoto wotayirira wa ulusi.Pakati, utoto wa nsalu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Kufa kwa ulusi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pansalu zamitundu ndi nsalu zoluka.Ndipo utoto wa ulusi wotayirira umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zophatikizika kapena nsalu zolimba komanso zophatikizika, zambiri mwazovala zaubweya.
Cholinga cha kafukufuku wopaka utoto ndikusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito utoto moyenera, kupanga ndi kuyendetsa njira yodaya moyenera ndikupeza zinthu zomalizidwa bwino kwambiri zopaka utoto.
Kumaliza
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kumaliza kwa nsalu kwakula kwambiri.Zayamba kale kuchokera pakungosewera mawonekedwe achilengedwe a ulusi wopanda mphamvu yokhazikika mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zomalizirira ndi zida kuti nsalu zigwire ntchito bwino komanso zokhalitsa, monga kutsanzira ulusi wachilengedwe ndi ulusi wopangira pakuchita ndi mawonekedwe.Pambuyo pomaliza, nsaluyo imatha kupeza ntchito zapadera zomwe fiber palokha ilibe poyamba.
Malinga ndi cholinga chomaliza, kumaliza kwa nsalu kumatha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo:
(1) Kupanga nsalu m'lifupi mwake ndi kukula kokhazikika ndi mawonekedwe, monga tentering, anti-shrinking, anti-makwinya ndi kutentha kutentha, ndi zina zotero.
(2) Kuchita bwino kumverera kwadzanjaza nsalu, monga kuumitsa kumalizitsa ndi kufewetsa kutsirizitsa, etc. Ikhoza kutengera njira yamakina, njira yamankhwala kapena zonse ziwiri zopangira nsalu.
(3) Kupititsa patsogolo maonekedwe a nsalu, monga mthunzi wamtundu, kuyera ndi kugwedezeka, ndi zina zotero, kuphatikizapo kumalizidwa kwa kalendala, kumalizidwa koyera ndi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsalu ziwoneke bwino.
(4) Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ena komanso kuvala, monga kumaliza koletsa moto, kumalizitsa kosagwira madzi ndi kumaliza kwaukhondo kwa nsalu za thonje ndihydrophilic kumaliza, anti-static finishing ndi anti-pilling kumaliza kwa nsalu za ulusi wamankhwala.
Kupaka ndi Kusindikiza Madzi Otayira
Pakati pa mafakitale a nsalu, makampani opanga utoto ndi kusindikiza ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri.Monga sing'anga, madzi amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga utoto ndi kumaliza.Madzi otayira opaka utoto ndi kusindikiza amakhala ndi madzi ambiri, ma chroma ambiri komanso mawonekedwe ovuta.Madzi otayira amakhala ndi utoto, ma sizing agents, othandizira, mafuta opota, asidi, alkali, zonyansa za fiber ndi mchere wachilengedwe, ndi zina zambiri. .ali ndi kawopsedwe wamkulu wachilengedwe, yemwe amawononga kwambiri chilengedwe.Chifukwa chake, kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa utoto ndi kusindikiza madzi oyipa ndi kupanga ukhondo ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-10-2020